Analysis of the Effect of Clinical Application of Detailed Nursing Measures in Ensuring the Safety of Nursing in Operating Room

*Corresponding Author:

Y. H. Chen
Department of Operating Room, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
E-mail: yuhongchen2021@163.com

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Abstract

To discuss the clinical application effect analysis of detailed nursing measures in ensuring the safety of nursing in the operating room is the objective. 140 patients who were admitted in the operating room of our hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were randomly selected as the research objects. According to the computer random allocation method, they were divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 70 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing care and the intervention group was given detailed nursing care. The two groups were observed and compared the nursing quality scores, the rate of nurse-patient disputes and error rates, self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale scores, nursing satisfaction rate and complications. The results showed that compared with the control group, the intervention group had higher nursing quality scores, higher nursing satisfaction rate and postoperative self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale scores, lower nursing-patient disputes and complications and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Detailed nursing measures improve the quality of care, relieve patient’s anxiety and depression, increase patient satisfaction, significantly reduce postoperative complications and provide a guarantee for ensuring the safety of nursing care in the operating room.

Keywords

Nursing care, self-rating depression scale, self-rating anxiety scale

The operating room is a product of the combination of modern medical technology and engineering technology and is the core part of hospital surgery[1]. It embodies the level of facilities, medical care and management of modern hospitals[2]. As an important part of the quality of the operating room, nursing quality has the characteristics of high technical level, long working hours, large workload and certain risks and its attention to detail management[3,4]. The quality of care is not only an important indicator of the quality of medical services, but also a microcosm of the quality level of the entire hospital operating room[5,6]. Poor care will increase the mortality rate and many care accidents, which will seriously affect the patient’s prediction[7,8].

In recent years, there have been frequent disputes between nurses and patients in the operating room, partly due to the hidden safety hazards in operating room nursing[9], such as: receiving the wrong patient before the operation, receiving the wrong operation time, etc.; intraoperative equipment and medicines are not fully equipped and they may even disappear, the device remains in the patient; the post-operative work with the nurse in the ward is not careful enough and important information is omitted; the above-mentioned potential safety hazards will reduce the quality of care and may cause major medical accidents at any time[10]. Therefore, as the health care environment becomes more complex and focused details, detailed care has become the trend of modern medical care[11]. Detailed nursing focuses on the fundamental interests of patients, making the nursing work in the operating room precise and standardized. Therefore, in this study, detailed nursing care was given to surgical patients, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of nursing work in the operating room, improve patient care satisfaction and reduce postoperative adverse events, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment and nursing.

Materials and Methods

General information

140 patients admitted to the operating room of our hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were taken as the research objects and the randomized experiment method was adopted to divide the patients into the experimental group and the control group at random. The informed consent of the patient is obtained in advance and communication is not possible, except for patients with severe mental illness.

Methods

Patients in the control group were given routine surgical nursing intervention; while the patients in the intervention group were given detailed nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing intervention. The specific methods are as follows:

Preoperative intervention:

Psychological intervention; Communicate with patients. Some patients are prone to anxiety, tension and other negative emotions before surgery. Nursing staff can understand the patients negative emotions through communication, help patients overcome fear, anxiety and other negative emotions and give them humanity. Caring, explaining the purpose of surgery, procedures, precautions after surgery and previous successful cases for patients, so that patients and their families can be psychologically prepared in advance, actively cooperate and build confidence in the surgery.

To receive patients before surgery, strictly abide by the verification system to prevent the possibility of receiving the wrong patient or the wrong operation room. At the same time, pay attention to whether the patient carries valuables with them to avoid loss and cause unnecessary conflicts.

Strictly check the regular disinfection of instruments and equipment. For patients with special infectious diseases such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis B, pay attention to strengthen the disinfection treatment and keep the complete sterilization effect data.

Intraoperative care:

The nursing staff should move gently when moving the patient, coordinate with the doctor to put the required surgical position and at the same time strengthen the effective protection of the patient’s privacy. In order to ensure the quality of care, carefully record the operation, closely observe the changes in the patient’s vital signs and be alert for adverse reactions such as allergies during anesthesia. Monitor the working status of surgical instruments in real time, carefully check the instruments and gauze used in the operation, carefully check the surgical incision and prevent the instruments or gauze from falling into the patient’s body. Strictly manage the intraoperative pathological specimens, comply with the verification system, and send special personnel to the pathology department in time.

Postoperative care:

When handing over to the ward nurse, check the patient’s skin condition, the patency of the venous channels and other drainage tubes and whether there is bleeding from the surgical incision. Pay attention to protect the privacy of patient’s and it is not allowed to inform others about the health and privacy of patients. Regular follow-up visits will be conducted on the 1, 3 and 7 d after surgery to check the patient’s surgical incision, understand the patient’s mental state and provide psychological counseling if necessary.

Statistical methods

All analyses were performed using the statistical software EmpowerStats (http://www.enabledstats. com). Count data is expressed as n (%), using X2 test, measurement data is expressed as x±s, using t test, the difference is statistically significant with p<0.05.

Results and Discussion

There were 70 patients in the intervention group, aged from 29 to 81 y old, with an average age of 53 y old. There were 36 women in the intervention group. The source of the patient departments is as follows: 20 cases of general surgery, 21 cases of obstetrics and gynecology, 5 cases of neurosurgery, 10 cases of orthopedics and 14 cases of urology. There were 70 patients in the control group, ranging in age from 30 to 82 y old, with an average age of 53 y old. There were 37 females. The source of the patient departments is as follows: 22 cases of general surgery, 22 cases of obstetrics and gynecology, 3 cases of neurosurgery, 8 cases of orthopedics and 15 cases of urology. There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups (Table 1).

Table 1: Baseline Data of the Two Groups of Patients

The nursing quality score is based on disinfection and isolation, medical and nursing cooperation, equipment preparation, equipment management and nursing quality and safety, each item is 0-100 points, the higher the score, the better the effect. The medical and nursing cooperation, equipment preparation and nursing quality and safety of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p>0.05) and there was no significant difference between the two groups in equipment management (Table 2 and fig. 1).

Fig. 1: Comparison of nursing quality scores betwee n the two groups

Table 2: Comparison of Nursing Quality Scores Between the Two Groups

The nurse-patient dispute rate of the intervention group was 2.9 %, which was significantly lower than 12.9 % of the control group (p<0.05); the error rate of the intervention nurses was also lower than that of the control group, but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05) as shown in Table 3 and fig. 2.

Fig. 2: Comparison of nurse-patient dispute rate and error rate between the two groups

Table 3: Comparison of Nurse-Patient Dispute Rate and Error Rate Between the Two Groups [N (%)]

Compare the 12 scores of the two groups of patients on the self-rating depression scale (SDS)[12], 25 to 49 indicate no depression, 50-59 indicate mild to moderate depression, 60-69 indicates moderate to severe depression and a score of 70 or above indicates severe depression. Comparing the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score[13], 50-59 is divided into mild anxiety; 60- 69 is divided into moderate anxiety; more than 70 is divided into severe anxiety. There was no significant difference in baseline anxiety and depression scores between the two groups. After reassessment, it can be seen that the anxiety score and depression score of the intervention group were reduced more significantly than the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05), Table 4 and fig. 3.

Fig. 3: The scores of the SDS and SAS of the two groups after intervention

Table 4: The Scores of the Sds and Sas of the Two Groups

The Newcastle satisfaction with nursing scales (NSNS) was used to evaluate the nursing service satisfaction rate of the two groups. The content of NSNS is judged as very dissatisfied, dissatisfied, fair, satisfied and very satisfied. Total satisfaction rate=satisfaction rate+very satisfied rate[14]. The total satisfaction rate of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05), as shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Comparison of Nursing Service Satisfaction Between the Two Groups [N (%)]

The incidence of pressure ulcers, soft tissue injury and total complications in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.05), while the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and infection was not significantly different between the two groups (p>0. 05) as shown in Table 6 and fig. 4.

Fig. 4: Comparison of compl ications between the two groups

Table 6: Comparison of Complications Between the Two Groups

As a key department of the hospital, the operating room is an important place for surgical patients to undergo surgery, interventional treatment, examination and rescue[15] compared with other departments, medical errors in the operating room may bring catastrophic consequences to patients[16]. As an indispensable part of the operating room team, nurses require high specialized nursing skills and comprehensive qualities. The quality of nursing care in the operating room will directly affect the operation of the entire surgical system[17]. Health care systems around the world are facing the challenge of improving the quality of care and reducing the risk of adverse events[18,19]. “Details determine success or failure”, detailed care emphasizes adequate preoperative preparation, tacit cooperation during the operation and follow-up in place after the operation, which is more in line with the purpose of modern nursing “patient-centered and patientoriented”[20]. This article discusses the effect of detailed nursing on the safety of surgical nursing. The results of the study show that detailed nursing can significantly improve the quality of care and relieve the anxiety and depression of patients while making the nursing work fine and standard. Satisfaction reduces the occurrence of conflicts between nurses and patients and significantly reduces postoperative complications.

The traditional nursing model has some drawbacks. Due to its backward leaning concept and the same way of thinking, this method cannot fully adapt to the rapid development of the medical industry[21,22]. Nursing is an expression of care[23] in order to reduce the possibility of unresolved fundamental care, thereby helping to provide a higher quality of care and a safer mode of care [24,25]. Detailed care, emphasizing the person being cared for, instead of focusing on a fixed person or a certain surgical site, can provide safer care and higher quality of care.

Our study has some limitations. Due to the small sample size of our study, only 120 cases, it is not ruled out that some errors may be caused to the research results; secondly, our research population is mainly for Chinese people, so this result needs to be carefully interpreted in other populations research, the result brings some errors.

Detailed care significantly improves the quality of care, relieves patient’s anxiety and depression, increases patient satisfaction, significantly reduces postoperative complications and provides a guarantee for ensuring the safety of nursing care in the operating room.

Conflicts of Interest:

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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