Abstract

Lithiasis is the formation of stony concretions in the body, affecting people worldwide and having a high recurrence rate. Herbal medicines are effective in treating kidney stones and preventing the recurrence of the disease. The study aimed to evaluate the antilithiatic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium jambos fruit in rats. Lithiasis was induced in adult male Wistar albino rats by oral administration of 0.75 % ethylene glycolated water for 28 d. The hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium jambos was administered orally every day at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, while Cystone (750 mg/kg, p.o.) served as the reference standard for 14 d. The antilithiatic activity was then assessed after 28 days of treatment. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium jambos was examined through biochemical analysis of serum (total protein, creatinine, uric acid, BUN, bilirubin, calcium, oxalate, lactate dehydrogenase), urine (creatinine, uric acid, urea, calcium, oxalate, magnesium, citrate), and pancreatic and renal tissues (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, protein carbonyl content, malondialdehyde, nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6) at the end of the 28^th d. The hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium jambos exhibited potential antioxidant, crystal inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities, which may contribute significantly to its effectiveness against pancreatic and renal calculi in ethylene glycol-induced rats. These effects are likely attributed to the polyphenols and flavonoids present in the Syzygium jambos fruit.