Abstract

Cancer is among the main reasons of mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis offers the best chance of recovery for cancer patients. Scientists are still unable to successfully treat cancer spreading to various vital organs, despite the considerable strides in understanding the complex mechanisms leading to cancer formation and metastasis in recent years. The processes of tumor invasion, carcinogenesis and metastasis are still unclear because of the complexity of cancer cells and the microenvironment of tumors. Therefore, to understand the intricate molecular information underpinning the biological behaviours of tumors, it is imperative to develop a novel technology for cancer diagnosis and real-time observation right away. Quantum dots are luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals with a nanometer size range. Due to their unusual optical properties, including excellent brightness, simultaneous detection of many signals, long-term stability and adjustable emission spectra, they appeal as potential diagnostic and therapeutic systems in cancer. Due to their high quantum yields, low toxicity, biocompatibility and flexibility for various surface modifications, quantum dots are currently promising for bioanalytical investigations. The capacity of quantum dots for multiplexed sensing with various emission wavelengths to simultaneously detect a variety of biomarkers of illness is intriguing.