Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine how rats might be protected from stone formation by using a hydroalcoholic extract of Litchi chinensis fruit. Adult male albino Wistar rats were given 0.75 % ethylene glycol water orally for 28 d to produce lithiasis. Cystone (750 mg/kg, p.o.) was utilized as a reference standard to assess the action against ethylene glycol-mediated lithiasis and rats were administered oral dosages of 200 and 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Litchi chinensis fruit once daily. In the study, it was shown that lithiasis led to a rise in serum total protein, creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, calcium, oxalate and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as an increase in urine creatinine, uric acid, urea, calcium and oxalate levels. In contrast, magnesium and citrate levels were found to decrease. At the end of the 28^th d, the investigation revealed changes in pancreatic and liver histology, an increase in inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6) and changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers (glutathione, prothrombin complex concentrate, and mass drug administration). The biomarkers were found to be significantly elevated in lithiatic rats before treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of Litchi chinensis fruit, suggesting that this compound may have stone-inhibiting properties. This could be attributed to the presence of polyphenols in Litchi chinensis, which can protect against the formation of stones in the pancreas (pancreatolithiasis) and kidneys (nephrolithiasis) of animals with lithiasis.