Abstract

Pearl millet helps keep blood sugar levels stable for the long term in patients with diabetes because it has a relatively low glycemic index. The objective of this study was to determine the potential pharmacokinetics of food-drug interactions between 30 % and 60 % pearl millet diet and gliclazide in normal rats. Reduction of blood glucose by gliclazide (1 mg/kg) and pearl millet diet 30 and 60 was evaluated and it was observed that 30.9 % after 2 h and 19.53 % after 6 h reduction with gliclazide and pearl millet diet 60 showed 29.74 % after 3 h. Single and repeated dose studies are conducted and the gliclazide+pearl millet diet 60-repeated dose study showed a significant increase in percentage blood glucose reduction compared to single-dose study. Serum gliclazide levels are also observed in respective to blood glucose levels. However, there was no reduction in hemoglobin A1c and no increase in insulin with gliclazide+pearl millet diet 60-repeated dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters of gliclazide were estimated in correlation between concentration and sampling time using the PKSolver program. The pharmacokinetic analysis explained the changes in elimination halflife, time to peak drug concentration, maximum plasma concentration and mean residence time corresponding to the serum levels of gliclazide in gliclazide+pearl millet diet 60-repeated dose. Interactions may be due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by millet leading to increased concentrations of gliclazide and subsequently increased glucose reduction. To avoid potential hypoglycemia, physicians should be aware of these interactions and adjust the dosage of gliclazide accordingly