Abstract

To assess the comparative potential, the immunomodulatory activity of Embelia ribes and Embelia tsjeriam-cottam species was evaluated by checking humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by sheep red blood cells induced antigen challenges, neutrophil adhesion tests on female Wistar rats were studied using ethanol extracts. Embelia ribes and Embelia tsjeriam-cottam were collected from village Kemse in the Koyna area of Sahyadri Hills of Maharashtra. All the experimental protocols for in vivo study were carried which were approved by the animal ethical committee. The animals were studied for their relative organ weight, haematological parameters, serum biochemical parameters, neutrophil adhesion test, delayed type of hypersensitivity response, humoral immune response, and histopathology analysis using ethanolic extracts. According to findings, Embelia species can enhance both cellular and humoral immunity, indicating that it has immunomodulatory abilities. At dosages 100 and 200 mg/kg of Embelia ribes and Embelia tsjeriam-cottam no significant change was observed in relative organ weight as compared to healthy control. In haematological studies, both extracts could maintain the range of white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, and haemoglobin as compared to the group of healthy control. Moreover, these extracts at a dosage of 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase while significantly maintaining serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels within the range when compared to the negative control group. The treatment with Embelia ribes and Embelia tsjeriam-cottam increased neutrophil adherence to nylon fibers. While appreciable immunomodulatory activity by compelling humoral and cellular immunity to the antigenic challenges with sheep red blood cells was observed by both extracts. Hence, it can be concluded that Embelia ribes and Embelia tsjeriam-cottam have exhibited significant immunomodulatory action by proving humoral and cellular immunity to antigenic challenges with sheep red blood cells and neutrophil adhesion tests on female Wistar rats. Therefore, both species of fruit extracts can be used as complementary therapeutic agents. Moreover, present investigations suggest that Embelia tsjeriam-cottam can be employed in place of Embelia ribes in immunomodulatory formulations.