Abstract

Human papillomavirus, a widespread sexually transmitted infection, is associated with significant health complications, including cervical cancer, other anogenital cancers, and oropharyngeal cancers. The human papillomavirus vaccine has been shown to effectively reduce the incidence of these human papillomavirus-related diseases. Despite the availability of the vaccine and its proven benefits, uptake rates remain suboptimal in various regions, including Saudi Arabia. Understanding the factors influencing human papillomavirus vaccine acceptance is crucial for designing effective public health interventions. A cross-sectional survey was carried out involving women aged 18 y and above in Saudi Arabia from March 5^th to April 30^th, 2023. Participants were recruited through social media platforms. Data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from a survey used in a previous study. Data analysis was performed using statistical package for social sciences version 21.0, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. In this study among 792 participants, only 4.3 % were vaccinated against human papillomavirus, and many showed limited knowledge about the virus and its vaccine. Most were unsure about human papillomavirus’s risks, its link to cervical cancer, and vaccine recommendations. Only 24.5 % believed females were at risk, and 31.69 % saw vaccination as beneficial for preventing warts. Common concerns included cost, safety, and religious or moral beliefs. Older participants and those who were married had better knowledge and a stronger sense of risk. While many women are aware of human papillomavirus, there are still misunderstandings about its risks, seriousness, and the benefits of prevention. This highlights the need for educational efforts that encourage vaccination, address common barriers, and promote open conversations about sexual health, helping women make informed choices for better health.