Abstract

Cancer is a major global health issue, the 3rd most common and 2nd deadliest among cancers. Its progression usually includes the stage from polyp formation to adenocarcinoma, influenced by factors such as age, genetic susceptibility, and environmental conditions such as diet and lifestyle. Typical therapy approaches encompass chemotherapy, surgery and radiation, with chemotherapy being crucial for disease recurrence and spread due to associated risks. Recent advancements in treatments include molecular-targeted and immunotherapy, but challenges such as drug resistance and low response rates continue to exist. Latest research has illuminated how dietary habits and gut microorganisms impact colorectal cancer treatment, revealing that the makeup of gut microbiota is key to the effectiveness of chemotherapy and immunotherapy treatments. The piezoelectric effect, especially the mechanical stress induced by ultrasonic waves shows considerable potential in generating reactive oxygen species for treating cancer.