Abstract

Inflammation, an adaptive response bring about by factors like infections, harmful chemicals, and immune reactions, induces the release of inflammatory mediators. These mediators play a role in significant protein denaturation and aggregation, which exacerbates the inflammatory condition. The existing anti-inflammatory medications, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, come with undesirable side effects. Thus, there is a need to explore alternative therapeutics that offer anti-inflammatory benefits similar to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs but with fewer adverse effects. Quinoxaline derivatives, categorized as small molecules, have exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity and stand out as a potential avenue for further exploration. The objective of this study was to examine the inflammatory activity of 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol in a rat paw model and compare it to the effects of diclofenac. The in vivo activity of 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol was assessed using a rat paw model. The study employed histopathological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as investigative methods. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol was evident in the rat paw model, exhibiting a significant difference between the group treated with 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol and the positive control. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the group treated with 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol and the diclofenac group. Remarkably, the administration of 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol therapy resulted in a notable improvement in the inflammatory response, characterized by enhancements in inflammatory cell activity and the restoration of histological structures to a normal state. Suggesting that 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol has a good anti-inflammatory effect. The results of the study indicate that the topical administration of a hydrogel incorporating 0.2 % 3-hydrazinoquinoxaline-2-thiol (quinoxaline derivative)  has proven to be successful in mitigating acute inflammation in the rat paw model. Subsequent research endeavors should delve into investigating different dosages of quinoxaline derivative with the aim of formulating a cost-effective and less toxic anti-inflammatory medication, potentially enhancing its utility in clinical settings.